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Дәрігер ауыр және сирек кездесетін эпилепсия сатыларын хирургиялық емес терапиялаумен айналысады. Ол балалар мен ересектерге ұстамалардан толық құтылуға көмектеседі. Профессор Антонио Русси эпилепсияны диагностикалау және әрбір нақты жағдайда ең қолайлы дәрілерді таңдауда анық маман болып табылады. Дәрілік терапия науқастардың 70% жағдайда көмектеседі. Профессор Русси әлемнің беделді басылымы Forbes журналының нұсқасы бойынша Испаниядағы үздік 100 дәрігердің қатарына кірді.","advisoryText":"Профессор Антонио Русси Испаниядағы үздік эпилептолог ретінде танылған. Дәрігер ауыр және сирек кездесетін эпилепсия сатыларын хирургиялық емес терапиялаумен айналысады. Ол балалар мен ересектерге ұстамалардан толық құтылуға көмектеседі. Профессор Антонио Русси эпилепсияны диагностикалау және әрбір нақты жағдайда ең қолайлы дәрілерді таңдауда анық маман болып табылады. Дәрілік терапия науқастардың 70% жағдайда көмектеседі. Профессор Русси әлемнің беделді басылымы Forbes журналының нұсқасы бойынша Испаниядағы үздік 100 дәрігердің қатарына кірді.","specialities":[{"id":"nrl.001","name":"Neurologist","illness_kind_id":7},{"id":"nrl.003","name":"Epileptologist","illness_kind_id":7}]},"updatedAt":"2026-11-11T14:12:17.000Z","activeCountries":["FR","TR","AT","ES","TH"],"operationIndicators":{"details":{"anesthesia":"general","days_in_clinic":5,"days_in_country":10,"rehabilitation_days":30,"satisfied_percent":78,"treatment_duration_hours":4},"illness_kind_details":{"requests_processed":25926}},"direction":{"id":7,"name":"Неврология","alias":"neurology","name_forms":{"base_form":"Неврология","form_1":"неврологияның","form_2":"неврологияға","form_3":"неврологиялық","form_4":"невролог","form_5":"неврологтың","form_6":"неврологтар","form_7":"неврологиялық","form_11":"неврологтар"}},"illness_kind":{"id":7,"name":{"en":"Neurology"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After resective surgery (e.g. temporal lobectomy) with desk work; varies by job, cognition, seizure status, driving rules."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":25,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any complication within 90 days, including visual field loss and transient deficits; permanent major deficits about 2-5%."},"contraindications":["Seizures that are not epileptic (e.g. psychogenic non-epileptic events)","Focus in eloquent cortex, unresectable without deficit; no palliative option","Generalized epilepsy without targetable focus (relative; consider neuromodulation)","Unfit for anesthesia or craniotomy from severe comorbidity (relative)","Active untreated intracranial infection or uncorrected bleeding disorder","Unmanaged severe psychiatric illness or inability to follow evaluation (relative)","Pregnancy (relative; timing individualized)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":3,"max":7,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Resective surgery admission after completed presurgical evaluation; may include a brief intensive care or step-down stay."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light activity such as walking earlier; contact sports, heavy lifting and swimming only after surgeon clearance and seizure-safety review."},"final_result_months":{"min":12,"max":24,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Seizure outcome is usually judged 1-2 years after surgery; medication taper decisions are individualized."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After uncomplicated craniotomy, once neurosurgeon confirms stable neurological status, wound check and no seizure or CSF leak concerns."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Wound check and suture or staple removal."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":60,"max":120,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Neurological review, seizure diary and medication review; often repeat MRI."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":365,"max":730,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Seizure outcome and neuropsychological reassessment."}}],"indications":["Drug-resistant focal epilepsy (failure of two appropriately chosen antiseizure medications)","Well-localized resectable focus, such as mesial temporal sclerosis","Structural lesion causing epilepsy (e.g. tumor, cavernoma, focal cortical dysplasia)","Disabling seizures with concordant presurgical findings (video-EEG, MRI, neuropsychology)"],"main_risks":["Visual field deficit (e.g. superior quadrantanopia after temporal resection)","Memory or language decline, especially with dominant-hemisphere surgery","Infection, bleeding or stroke","Cerebrospinal fluid leak or hydrocephalus","Mood changes, depression or anxiety","Focal neurological deficit depending on resection site","Anesthesia-related risks"],"pain":"Moderate headache and incision or jaw pain in the first days, controlled with oral or intravenous analgesia; usually settles within 1-2 weeks.","preparation":["Presurgical video-EEG, MRI, neuropsychology; often PET/SPECT or intracranial EEG","Multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery team review and informed consent","Preoperative blood tests and anesthetic assessment","Review all medicines; continue antiseizure medication","Fasting before surgery as instructed","Arrange support at home and discuss driving restrictions"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (days 0-7)","description":"Neurological monitoring, pain control, early mobilization and continued antiseizure medication.","restrictions":["No driving","Stay under supervision"]},{"phase":"Early home recovery (weeks 1-6)","description":"Fatigue, headache and wound healing; gradual increase in walking and daily activities.","restrictions":["No driving","No heavy lifting or strenuous activity","Avoid swimming and bathing alone"]},{"phase":"Return to activity (weeks 6-12)","description":"Return to work or study and graded exercise as cleared; cognitive and mood follow-up.","restrictions":["Follow local driving rules after seizure-free interval","Avoid contact sports until cleared"]},{"phase":"Long-term follow-up (months 3-24)","description":"Seizure outcome assessment, imaging, neuropsychology and decisions on medication tapering.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":30,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery after resective surgery such as temporal lobectomy; formal therapy only if a deficit exists."},"result_longevity":"Seizure freedom after resective surgery is often long-lasting, with roughly 50-70% of temporal lobe cases seizure-free at 5 years. Late relapses occur in some patients; durability depends on epilepsy type, lesion and completeness of resection.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":15,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Repeat resective surgery for persistent or recurrent seizures within several years; rare early reoperation for bleeding or infection."},"scars":"Curved or linear scalp incision, usually in the hairline or behind it, healing to a thin scar largely hidden by hair; temporary shaved area possible.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One resective operation after completed presurgical evaluation; invasive monitoring, when needed, is a separate preceding stage."},"stages":[{"code":"resection","label":"Resective surgery (e.g. anterior temporal lobectomy) under general anesthesia","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"Typical single-stage resection; follow-up checks are not counted as treatment sessions."},"success":{"metric":"Seizure freedom after temporal lobe resection","value":65,"unit":"percent of patients","horizon":"1-2 years after surgery","population":"Adults with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and concordant presurgical findings","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy","suits_whom":"Drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","recovery":"Hospital stay about 3-7 days; return to work about 6-12 weeks."},{"name":"Lesionectomy or focal cortical resection","suits_whom":"Epilepsy from a defined lesion (tumor, cavernoma, dysplasia) outside critical cortex","recovery":"Similar to craniotomy; hospital stay about 3-7 days."},{"name":"Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT)","suits_whom":"Small deep focus such as mesial temporal sclerosis or hypothalamic hamartoma","recovery":"Shorter stay, often 1-2 nights; faster return to activity."},{"name":"Disconnective surgery (corpus callosotomy, hemispherotomy)","suits_whom":"Selected drop-attack seizures or widespread unilateral damage, often in children","recovery":"Longer inpatient stay; individualized rehabilitation."},{"name":"Vagus nerve stimulator implantation (palliative)","suits_whom":"Drug-resistant epilepsy not suitable for resection","recovery":"Day case or 1 night; return to normal activity in days to 2 weeks."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for a single resective craniotomy such as anterior temporal lobectomy; excludes anesthesia preparation and recovery."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Brain MRI epilepsy protocol on disc","Video-EEG monitoring report","Neurologist's epilepsy summary letter","List of tried antiseizure medications and doses","Neuropsychological testing report (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":2,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single resective operation after remote review; 10-14 days stay. Second trip only if invasive monitoring or in-person evaluation needed first."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that you can ask the treatment team questions about your treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you been able to ask them questions about your treatment?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that you are satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Are you satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital where you'll be treated?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check how your aftercare will be coordinated before you go ahead","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Ensure you're clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check that the surgeon you consult will be the person carrying out the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C6","text":"Ask for examples of the practitioner’s experience with the surgery you plan to have","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Ask for examples of the practitioners’ experience with the surgery you are intending to have.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C7","text":"Check that a face-to-face consultation with the operating health professional takes place before any procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"A face-to-face consultation with the health professional who will carry out any planned surgery or treatment must take place before any procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Pressure to decide quickly or accept a cheap, time-limited offer","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"The surgeon you consult may not be the person who operates","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"Surgery offered as a package combined with holidays","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Be wary of package deals which combine surgery with holidays – any decision to have surgery should be taken based on medical reasons only.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F4","text":"A hard sell, or no discussion of possible complications before booking","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"a hard sell a lack of information pressure to make a quick decision no discussion of possible complications no mention of aftercare","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Weakness and speech impairments","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Brain tissue damage, resulting in neurological changes (like weakness and speech impairments) or stroke.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Delayed healing at the surgical 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copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs imaging to compare and follow up care","document":"scans and x-ray copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your epileptic focus can be monitored with an implanted device","name":"Responsive neurostimulation","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"RNS involves a device that’s implanted in your brain near where the epileptic focus is and continuously monitors brain waves.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"Your abnormal brain waves may occur 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