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without major deficit; longer if neurological deficits require formal rehabilitation."},"result_longevity":"Resection is not curative; glioblastoma almost always recurs, typically within 6-12 months despite adjuvant radiotherapy and temozolomide. Symptom relief and cytoreduction last weeks to months.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Unplanned early return to surgery within 30 days, mainly for hematoma, infection or CSF leak."},"scars":"Curved or linear scalp incision from craniotomy, usually within or behind the hairline; healed scar typically thin and partly hidden by hair.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"A single resection operation; adjuvant radiotherapy/chemotherapy are separate treatments and not counted."},"stages":[{"code":"craniotomy_resection","label":"Craniotomy and tumor resection","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on the day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"Standalone initial resection."},"success":{"metric":"Gross total resection of enhancing tumor on early postoperative MRI","value":65,"unit":"percent of patients","horizon":"within 72 hours after surgery","population":"Adults with newly diagnosed resectable glioblastoma treated at specialized centers","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Craniotomy with microsurgical resection and neuronavigation","suits_whom":"Most patients with accessible tumors; aim is maximal safe resection.","recovery":"Hospital stay of several days, then gradual recovery over weeks."},{"name":"Fluorescence-guided resection (5-ALA)","suits_whom":"Enhancing tumors where improved extent of resection is sought.","recovery":"Similar to standard craniotomy."},{"name":"Awake craniotomy with cortical mapping","suits_whom":"Selected patients with tumors near language or motor areas.","recovery":"Similar to standard craniotomy; used to preserve function."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operative time for a typical adult craniotomy and resection, excluding anesthesia induction and recovery."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Brain MRI with and without contrast (DICOM)","Radiology report of the brain MRI","Biopsy or histology report (if available)","Neurological examination or discharge summary","List of blood thinners and antiepileptic drugs","Recent CT or PET scan (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":2,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single operation; stay about 10-14 days including wound check; pathology review and adjuvant therapy usually at home."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team treating you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Ask the medical team questions about your treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you been able to ask them questions about your treatment?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that the clinic or hospital has satisfactory facilities and standards","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Are you satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital where you'll be treated?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Confirm the surgeon is trained and experienced in the exact procedure you are considering, not just in surgery generally","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Verify that the surgeon is trained and experienced in performing the procedure you are considering.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Ask for certification information and the name of the body that certified the surgical setting","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Ask for certification information and the name of the certifying body when assessing a surgical setting.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Pressure to make a quick decision","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"pressure to make a quick decision","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"A price that sounds too good to be true probably is","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/articles/will-economic-uncertainty-drive-more-patients-overseas-for-plastic-surgery-what-to-consider-and-how-to-stretch-your-dollar-back-home","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"If the price sounds too good to be true, it probably is.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Sudden drowsiness","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-tumor/in-depth/grade-4-brain-cancer/art-20590989","host":"mayoclinic.org","quote":"Signs may include sudden drowsiness, uneven pupils, loss of consciousness or trouble breathing.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":403}},{"id":"W2","text":"Uneven pupils","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-tumor/in-depth/grade-4-brain-cancer/art-20590989","host":"mayoclinic.org","quote":"Signs may include sudden drowsiness, uneven pupils, loss of consciousness or trouble breathing.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":403}},{"id":"W3","text":"Loss of consciousness","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-tumor/in-depth/grade-4-brain-cancer/art-20590989","host":"mayoclinic.org","quote":"Signs may include sudden drowsiness, uneven pupils, loss of consciousness or trouble breathing.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":403}},{"id":"W4","text":"Trouble breathing","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-tumor/in-depth/grade-4-brain-cancer/art-20590989","host":"mayoclinic.org","quote":"Signs may include sudden drowsiness, uneven pupils, loss of consciousness or trouble breathing.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":403}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"It provides the final integrated histological and molecular diagnosis","document":"pathology report","source":{"url":"https://www.rightdecisions.scot.nhs.uk/nhs-scotland-cancer-collaborative-clinical-management-pathways/neuro-oncology/pathology/","host":"rightdecisions.scot.nhs.uk","quote":"A final integrated report incorporating histopathological diagnosis and molecular diagnosis should be issued, in line with WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Surgery is not an option for you","name":"Chemotherapy","source":{"url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glioblastoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20569078","host":"mayoclinic.org","quote":"For people who can't have surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be the main treatments.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":403},"operation_id":37}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"craniotomy","name":"Craniotomy with microsurgical resection and neuronavigation","how_it_works":{"text":"Part of the skull is removed to reach the tumor","source":{"url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/brain-tumor-surgery/about/pac-20584295?mc_id=us&geo=national&placementsite=enterprise&invsrc=other&cauid=100721","host":"mayoclinic.org","quote":"A craniotomy is a type of brain tumor surgery in which a portion of the skull is removed to reach the 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