{"key":"op_157_TR","page":{"url":"https://kz.bookimed.com/clinics/country=turkey/procedure=craniotomy/","procedure":{"id":157,"slug":"craniotomy","name":"Краниотомия","name_forms":{"plural":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"genitive":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"type":"surgery","grammar_number":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"parent_id":"neurosurgery","family_attribute":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"country":{"id":46,"iso":"TR","name":"Түркия"},"currency":"USD","data_date":"2026-09-26"},"pages":{"clinics_url":"https://kz.bookimed.com/clinics/country=turkey/procedure=craniotomy/","cost_url":"https://kz.bookimed.com/clinics/country=turkey/procedure=craniotomy/cost/","best_url":{"status":"missing","reason":"template not live"}},"price":{"from":6500,"to":13000,"avg":{"value":13000,"method":"median","source":"clinics"},"us":{"from":55000,"to":105000},"uk":{"from":31000,"to":46000},"by_technique":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"by_city":[{"city":"Істанбұл","from":6500},{"city":"Анқара","from":13000},{"city":"Ескішехір","from":15000},{"city":"Анталия","from":7500},{"city":"Ізмір","from":9500}],"per_unit":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"factors":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tiers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"comparison":[{"country_iso":"UA","from":5500,"to":10000},{"country_iso":"FR","from":14500,"to":24500},{"country_iso":"GB","from":31000,"to":46000},{"country_iso":"US","from":55000,"to":105000},{"country_iso":"IL","from":38000,"to":45000},{"country_iso":"MX","from":12000,"to":50000},{"country_iso":"DE","from":33200,"to":40000},{"country_iso":"CA","from":38000,"to":60000},{"country_iso":"AE","from":17000,"to":31000},{"country_iso":"TH","from":11500,"to":16500},{"country_iso":"PL","from":7500,"to":12000},{"country_iso":"KR","from":20000,"to":26000},{"country_iso":"CZ","from":8500,"to":14500},{"country_iso":"AT","from":18000,"to":30000},{"country_iso":"ES","from":44200,"to":49700},{"country_iso":"IT","from":25000,"to":28000},{"country_iso":"CN","from":9500,"to":19500},{"country_iso":"AU","from":38000,"to":58000},{"country_iso":"IN","from":5000,"to":7000},{"country_iso":"MY","from":9500,"to":17500},{"country_iso":"VN","from":6500,"to":9000},{"country_iso":"BR","from":11500,"to":18500},{"country_iso":"AZ","from":6000,"to":8000}],"base_country":"US","base_is_fallback":false},"savings":{"pct":88,"variant":">=15%"},"package":{"included":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"excluded":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"extra_charges":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"clinics":{"count":28,"items":[{"id":96,"name":"Memorial Şişli Hospital","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.6,"reviews_count":437,"accreditations":["International Organization for Standardization","Joint Commission International"],"rank":1,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"JCI-accredited neurosurgery department with specialists performing 900+ procedures. Offers comprehensive treatment including craniotomy, ETV, and shunt surgeries for hydrocephalus.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":410,"name":"Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.6,"reviews_count":165,"accreditations":["International Organization for Standardization","Joint Commission International"],"rank":2,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Uses surgical navigation and intraoperative monitoring for precision. JCI-accredited with neurosurgeons performing 900+ procedures. 90% patient recommendation rate.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":432,"name":"Memorial Ataşehir Hospital","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.5,"reviews_count":55,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International"],"rank":3,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"JCI-accredited neurosurgery department with specialized procedures for craniosynostosis and Chiari malformation. Includes comprehensive pre-operative evaluations and follow-up care.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":426,"name":"Hisar Hospital Intercontinental","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.5,"reviews_count":266,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International","Turkish Medical Association (Türk Tabıplerı Bırliği)","Turkish Medical Association","Patient choice in Oncology & Hematology Oncology","Best patient assistance","Best clinic for radiotherapy"],"rank":4,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Performed by a neurosurgeon with 900+ treatments, includes ICU monitoring and blood transfusion support. JCI-accredited facility ensures international standards.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":87,"name":"Anadolu Medical Center","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.6,"reviews_count":544,"accreditations":["Planetree's Gold Certificate","International Accreditation System for Interventional Oncology Services (IASIOS)","Patient choice in Oncology & Hematology Oncology","Patient Choice for Basic Check-up","Johns Hopkins Medicine","Organisation of European Cancer Institutes Certificate","European Society for Medical Oncology","Joint Commission International","International Organization for Standardization","World's Best Hospitals 2026 by Newsweek"],"rank":5,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Performs excision of skull-base tumors with 2 nights ICU and 4 nights hospitalization included. Uses neuronavigation for precision. Affiliated with Johns Hopkins Medicine.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":1248,"name":"Lokman Hekim Istanbul Hospital","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.8,"reviews_count":303,"accreditations":["Certification according to DIN EN ISO 9001 by TÜV NORD CERT","Joint Commission International"],"rank":6,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Specializes in neurosurgery with a dedicated program for craniotomy. Includes pre-surgery consultation and therapeutic procedures. 100% of patients recommend the clinic based on 70 reviews.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":85,"name":"Medipol Mega University Hospital","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.5,"reviews_count":495,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International","Patient choice in Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Oncology"],"rank":7,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Specializes in neurosurgery with advanced equipment like intraoperative MRI. JCI-accredited facility with a dedicated neurosurgery department performing 80+ daily surgeries.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":417,"name":"Memorial Antalya Hospital","city":"Antalya","rating":4.6,"reviews_count":152,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International"],"rank":8,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Uses neuronavigation to guide precise tumor resection, intraoperative MRI for real-time imaging, and neuromonitoring to preserve critical brain functions during craniotomy. JCI-accredited.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":889,"name":"NP Istanbul Brain Hospital","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.3,"reviews_count":73,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International","Certification according to DIN EN ISO 9001 by TÜV NORD CERT"],"rank":9,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Specializes in neurosurgical procedures with experienced neurosurgeons. Offers comprehensive care including pre/post-operative tests and hospitalization. Hospital provides free interpretation services and airport transfers for inpatients.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":5520,"name":"Büyük Anadolu Hospitals (BAH International)","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.3,"reviews_count":4,"accreditations":["Turkish Medical Association","International Health Tourism Authorization Certificate","Turkish Medical Association (Türk Tabıplerı Bırliği)"],"rank":10,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Neurosurgery team offers minimally invasive techniques for faster recovery. Over 100 surgeons and doctors, with high success rates reported.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":94,"name":"Medical Park Göztepe Hospital Complex","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.4,"reviews_count":35,"accreditations":["International Organization for Standardization","Joint Commission International","Robotic Surgery Center of Exellence","Colorectal Surgery Center for Excellence","Bariatric Surgery Center of Excellence"],"rank":11,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":3418,"name":"Valued Med Hub Hospitals","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.9,"reviews_count":59,"accreditations":["Turkish Medical Association","International Health Tourism Authorization Certificate"],"rank":12,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Specializes in neurosurgery with a team experienced in complex craniotomies. Offers endoscopic techniques for skull base and pituitary surgeries. Clinic has a 4.9 rating based on 52 patient reviews.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":5613,"name":"VM Medical Park Florya Hospital","city":"Istanbul","rating":5,"reviews_count":1,"accreditations":["International Organization for Standardization","Joint Commission International","Robotic Surgery Center of Exellence","Colorectal Surgery Center for Excellence","Bariatric Surgery Center of Excellence"],"rank":13,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":418,"name":"Memorial Ankara Hospital","city":"Ankara","rating":4.8,"reviews_count":10,"accreditations":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"rank":14,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Neurosurgery uses neuronavigation and intraoperative MRI for real-time precision during craniotomy. Continuous neuromonitoring protects nerve function. JCI-accredited hospital.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":1173,"name":"Emsey Hospital","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.1,"reviews_count":42,"accreditations":["The Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) by WHO and UNICEF","Turkish Medical Association","TEMOS International Healthcare Accreditation","Certification according to DIN EN ISO 9001 by TÜV NORD CERT","International Health Tourism Authorization Certificate","International Organization for Standardization"],"rank":15,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Specializes in neurosurgery with dedicated specialists. Offers advanced techniques like neuronavigation and stereotactic surgery. JCI-accredited facility.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":1547,"name":"Estophia Hospital","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.4,"reviews_count":49,"accreditations":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"rank":16,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Specialized program for Chiari decompression with full treatment plan included. Price covers surgeon fees, operating room, and preoperative tests. 91% patient recommendation rate.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":1169,"name":"Hermes Clinics (Hermes Clinics A.Ş.)","city":"Ankara","rating":4.5,"reviews_count":20,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International"],"rank":17,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":4904,"name":"Medipol Bahçelievler Univesity Hospital","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.5,"reviews_count":2,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International"],"rank":18,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":5289,"name":"Neurosurgeon Dr. Mehmet Beşir SÜRME","city":"Eskisehir","rating":5,"reviews_count":1,"accreditations":["Turkish Medical Association","International Health Tourism Authorization Certificate"],"rank":19,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Specializes in complex cranial procedures with innovative techniques like 3D-printed molds. Doctor has 40+ research citations and international fellowship experience in neurosurgery.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":3887,"name":"Private Koru Ankara Hospital","city":"Ankara","rating":2,"reviews_count":1,"accreditations":["Turkish Medical Association","Joint Commission International"],"rank":20,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":93,"name":"Acibadem Health Group","city":"Istanbul","rating":2,"reviews_count":2,"accreditations":["International Organization for Standardization","Joint Commission International"],"rank":21,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":1177,"name":"Egemed Hospitals","city":"İzmir","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"rank":22,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":1602,"name":"Acibadem Altunizade Clinic","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.4,"reviews_count":7,"accreditations":["International Organization for Standardization","Joint Commission International","LEED Platinum Sertificate for ECO Buildings"],"rank":23,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":2925,"name":"Dr. Kamran Aghayev Neurosurgery Clinic","city":"Istanbul","rating":5,"reviews_count":1,"accreditations":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"rank":24,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":3443,"name":"HEALTH&MORE","city":"Eskisehir","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":["Turkish Medical Association","International Health Tourism Authorization Certificate"],"rank":25,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Specializes exclusively in brain and spine surgery with over 20,000 complex surgeries performed. Uses FDA-approved Medtronic neuromonitor and neuronavigation systems for precision.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":4078,"name":"Uniqacare Clinic","city":"Istanbul","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":["Turkish Medical Association"],"rank":26,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":4464,"name":"Private Medicabil Hospital","city":"Bursa","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":["International Organization for Standardization","International Health Tourism Authorization Certificate","Joint Commission International"],"rank":27,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":5091,"name":"SANKO University Hospital","city":"Gaziantep","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":["ISO 45001 (Occupational Health and Safety Management)"],"rank":28,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}}]},"doctors":{"count":46,"languages":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"cities":[{"id":107,"slug":"istanbul","name":"Істанбұл","clinics_count":5,"price_from":6500,"profile":{"city_type":"Largest city in Turkey, megacity","access":["Sabiha Gökçen Airport (SAW), 32 km southeast of city center"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabiha_G%C3%B6k%C3%A7en_International_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":386,"slug":"ankara","name":"Анқара","clinics_count":1,"price_from":13000,"profile":{"city_type":"Capital city of Turkey","access":["Ankara Airport (ESB), 28 km from the city center"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara_Esenboğa_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":1757,"slug":"eskisehir","name":"Ескішехір","clinics_count":1,"price_from":15000,"profile":{"city_type":"Provincial capital in northwestern Turkey","access":["Hasan Polatkan Airport (AOE), 5 km from the city center"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskişehir","https://kureansiklopedi.com/en/detay/eskisehir-hasan-polatkan-airport-0e3b6"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":382,"slug":"antalya","name":"Анталия","clinics_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"price_from":7500,"profile":{"city_type":"Major Mediterranean coastal city in Turkey","access":["Antalya Airport (AYT), 13 km from the city center"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antalya","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antalya_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":395,"slug":"izmir","name":"Ізмір","clinics_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"price_from":9500,"profile":{"city_type":"Aegean coastal port city in Turkey","access":["Izmir Airport (ADB), 14 km from the city center"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zmir","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izmir_Adnan_Menderes_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}}],"offers":{"active":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"active_with_related":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"hospital_nights_median":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"days_in_country_median":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"top_offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"related_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"other_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},"medical":{"indications":["Resection or biopsy of accessible brain tumor","Elective evacuation of selected non-acute intracranial hematoma or collection","Resection of selected arteriovenous or cavernous malformation","Resection of an epileptogenic structural lesion","Other accessible lesions needing open access, e.g., meningioma or abscess"],"contraindications":["Uncorrected bleeding disorder or unmanaged anticoagulation","Active systemic infection or infection of the scalp","Unfit for general anesthesia or major surgery","Lesion location where surgical risk outweighs expected benefit"],"operation_hours":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Typical operative time for uncomplicated standard craniotomy; varies with lesion and complexity, excluding anesthesia induction and recovery."},"anesthesia":["general"],"sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One planned operation; reoperation or adjuvant therapy is not part of the planned course."},"stages":[{"code":"wound_check","label":"Wound check and suture or staple removal if not absorbable","after":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: uncomplicated healing."}},{"code":"result_review","label":"Review of pathology and postoperative imaging","after":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: timing depends on pathology availability and indication."}}],"qualifier":"Primary protocol is a single standard craniotomy with bone-flap replacement; further treatment depends on diagnosis and is outside this profile."},"hospital_nights":{"value":{"min":3,"max":7,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Counted from surgery day, including possible neuro-intensive monitoring. Longer with complications, deficits or rehabilitation needs."},"source":"parsed_details"},"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":30,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: ordinary functional recovery after uncomplicated surgery; formal neurorehabilitation, if needed, extends this."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":28,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Uncomplicated recovery only. Needs surgeon clearance, resolved intracranial air, stable neurologic status and no seizures."},"back_to_work_days":{"min":28,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk work often resumes earlier than physical work. Depends on diagnosis, deficits, seizures, fatigue and surgeon clearance."},"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Strenuous or contact activity only after surgeon clearance and bone-flap healing. Short walks much earlier."},"final_result_months":{"min":3,"max":12,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Wound healing and neurologic recovery in uncomplicated cases. Disease-specific outcomes depend on diagnosis and further treatment."},"result_longevity":"The scalp scar and replaced bone flap are permanent. Durability of the disease-specific result depends on the diagnosis and any further treatment, so no single figure applies.","main_risks":["Bleeding or postoperative hematoma","Infection (wound, bone flap, meningitis, abscess)","New or worsened neurologic deficit (weakness, speech, vision, cognition)","Seizures","Cerebrospinal fluid leak or pseudomeningocele","Brain swelling","Stroke","Venous thromboembolism and anesthesia-related complications","Need for reoperation","Bone flap resorption or cosmetic defect"],"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":25,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any complication of any severity within 30 days of elective craniotomy. Varies by lesion and comorbidity; serious ones are rarer."},"revision_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Unplanned return to the operating room within 30 days of elective craniotomy. Later disease-related reoperation excluded."},"success":{"metric":"No unplanned return to the operating room","value":95,"horizon":"30 days after surgery","source":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"evidence_status":"limited"},"scars":"Scalp incision scar, linear or curved, usually partly hidden by hair; a visible or palpable bone flap edge or local hair thinning is possible.","pain":"Moderate headache and scalp or jaw discomfort in the first days, usually controlled with oral analgesics and scalp-block or opioid-sparing regimens; typically improves over 1-2 weeks.","preparation":["Preoperative MRI/CT and neurosurgical and anesthetic assessment","Blood tests and coagulation screening","Medication review; hold anticoagulants, antiplatelets, supplements as planned","Antiseizure medication plan if indicated","Fasting before general anesthesia per anesthetic instructions","Informed consent and discussion of possible deficits and recovery","Hair may be clipped at the incision site"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (surgery day through discharge, usually after 3-7 nights)","description":"Neurologic checks, possible initial neuro-intensive or step-down monitoring, pain control, wound care, early walking with assistance and discharge planning.","restrictions":["No driving","Walk only with assistance until cleared","No straining"]},{"phase":"Early home recovery (after discharge through about week 6 after surgery)","description":"Fatigue and headaches improve gradually, wound heals and daily walking increases. Hair washing and wound care follow surgeon instructions.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting or straining","No driving until cleared by surgeon","Avoid contact activity","Avoid alcohol and sedatives unless approved"]},{"phase":"Later recovery (weeks 6-12)","description":"Gradual return to work and normal activity as cleared by surgeon; exercise resumes in steps. Cognitive fatigue may persist in some patients.","restrictions":["Avoid high-impact or contact sports until cleared","Return to physical work only with surgeon approval"]},{"phase":"At any time","description":"Seek urgent care for seizure, new weakness, speech or vision change, severe headache, confusion, vomiting, fever, stiff neck, wound leakage, leg swelling or chest pain.","restrictions":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}}],"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: uncomplicated healing; suture or staple removal if not absorbable."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: review of pathology and postoperative imaging; timing depends on pathology availability."}}],"sources":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Confirm the surgeon is trained and experienced in the exact procedure you are considering, not just in surgery generally","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Verify that the surgeon is trained and experienced in performing the procedure you are considering.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Ask for certification information and the name of the body that certified the surgical setting","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Ask for certification information and the name of the certifying body when assessing a surgical setting.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that the surgeon who consults with you is the same person who will carry out the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Ask whether a doctor is always present in the clinic and whether a high dependency or intensive care unit exists","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.bapras.org.uk/public/patient-information/cosmetic-surgery/cosmetic-surgery-abroad","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"Is there always a doctor in the clinic and is there a high dependency or intensive care unit?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Ask whether the surgeon and the facility use a surgical safety checklist, which can reduce complications","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Do the surgeon and his/her facility use a safety checklist?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Forceful persuasion or cheap, time-limited offers pushing you into a quick decision","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"A price that sounds too good to be true probably is","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/articles/will-economic-uncertainty-drive-more-patients-overseas-for-plastic-surgery-what-to-consider-and-how-to-stretch-your-dollar-back-home","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"If the price sounds too good to be true, it probably is.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-02-11"},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":28,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk work often resumes earlier than physical work. Depends on diagnosis, deficits, seizures, fatigue and surgeon clearance."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":25,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any complication of any severity within 30 days of elective craniotomy. Varies by lesion and comorbidity; serious ones are rarer."},"contraindications":["Uncorrected bleeding disorder or unmanaged anticoagulation","Active systemic infection or infection of the scalp","Unfit for general anesthesia or major surgery","Lesion location where surgical risk outweighs expected benefit"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":3,"max":7,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Counted from surgery day, including possible neuro-intensive monitoring. Longer with complications, deficits or rehabilitation needs."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Strenuous or contact activity only after surgeon clearance and bone-flap healing. Short walks much earlier."},"final_result_months":{"min":3,"max":12,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Wound healing and neurologic recovery in uncomplicated cases. Disease-specific outcomes depend on diagnosis and further treatment."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":28,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Uncomplicated recovery only. Needs surgeon clearance, resolved intracranial air, stable neurologic status and no seizures."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: uncomplicated healing; suture or staple removal if not absorbable."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: review of pathology and postoperative imaging; timing depends on pathology availability."}}],"indications":["Resection or biopsy of accessible brain tumor","Elective evacuation of selected non-acute intracranial hematoma or collection","Resection of selected arteriovenous or cavernous malformation","Resection of an epileptogenic structural lesion","Other accessible lesions needing open access, e.g., meningioma or abscess"],"main_risks":["Bleeding or postoperative hematoma","Infection (wound, bone flap, meningitis, abscess)","New or worsened neurologic deficit (weakness, speech, vision, cognition)","Seizures","Cerebrospinal fluid leak or pseudomeningocele","Brain swelling","Stroke","Venous thromboembolism and anesthesia-related complications","Need for reoperation","Bone flap resorption or cosmetic defect"],"pain":"Moderate headache and scalp or jaw discomfort in the first days, usually controlled with oral analgesics and scalp-block or opioid-sparing regimens; typically improves over 1-2 weeks.","preparation":["Preoperative MRI/CT and neurosurgical and anesthetic assessment","Blood tests and coagulation screening","Medication review; hold anticoagulants, antiplatelets, supplements as planned","Antiseizure medication plan if indicated","Fasting before general anesthesia per anesthetic instructions","Informed consent and discussion of possible deficits and recovery","Hair may be clipped at the incision site"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (surgery day through discharge, usually after 3-7 nights)","description":"Neurologic checks, possible initial neuro-intensive or step-down monitoring, pain control, wound care, early walking with assistance and discharge planning.","restrictions":["No driving","Walk only with assistance until cleared","No straining"]},{"phase":"Early home recovery (after discharge through about week 6 after surgery)","description":"Fatigue and headaches improve gradually, wound heals and daily walking increases. Hair washing and wound care follow surgeon instructions.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting or straining","No driving until cleared by surgeon","Avoid contact activity","Avoid alcohol and sedatives unless approved"]},{"phase":"Later recovery (weeks 6-12)","description":"Gradual return to work and normal activity as cleared by surgeon; exercise resumes in steps. Cognitive fatigue may persist in some patients.","restrictions":["Avoid high-impact or contact sports until cleared","Return to physical work only with surgeon approval"]},{"phase":"At any time","description":"Seek urgent care for seizure, new weakness, speech or vision change, severe headache, confusion, vomiting, fever, stiff neck, wound leakage, leg swelling or chest pain.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":30,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: ordinary functional recovery after uncomplicated surgery; formal neurorehabilitation, if needed, extends this."},"result_longevity":"The scalp scar and replaced bone flap are permanent. Durability of the disease-specific result depends on the diagnosis and any further treatment, so no single figure applies.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Unplanned return to the operating room within 30 days of elective craniotomy. Later disease-related reoperation excluded."},"scars":"Scalp incision scar, linear or curved, usually partly hidden by hair; a visible or palpable bone flap edge or local hair thinning is possible.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One planned operation; reoperation or adjuvant therapy is not part of the planned course."},"stages":[{"code":"wound_check","label":"Wound check and suture or staple removal if not absorbable","after":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: uncomplicated healing."}},{"code":"result_review","label":"Review of pathology and postoperative imaging","after":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After surgery: timing depends on pathology availability and indication."}}],"qualifier":"Primary protocol is a single standard craniotomy with bone-flap replacement; further treatment depends on diagnosis and is outside this profile."},"success":{"metric":"No unplanned return to the operating room","value":95,"unit":"percent","horizon":"30 days after surgery","population":"Adults after elective uncomplicated standard craniotomy with bone-flap replacement; not disease-specific","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Standard open craniotomy with bone flap replacement","suits_whom":"Accessible intracranial lesions needing open access","recovery":"Hospital stay of several days, then recovery over weeks to months."},{"name":"Awake craniotomy","suits_whom":"Selected lesions near eloquent speech or motor areas","recovery":"Uses sedation and intraoperative testing; recovery timing differs."},{"name":"Neuronavigation-guided or keyhole craniotomy","suits_whom":"Small or deep lesions suitable for smaller openings","recovery":"Often shorter stay and faster early recovery."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Typical operative time for uncomplicated standard craniotomy; varies with lesion and complexity, excluding anesthesia induction and recovery."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Brain MRI with contrast (DICOM)","Head CT scan (DICOM)","Radiology reports","Biopsy or pathology report (if available)","Neurology or neurosurgery discharge summary","List of blood thinners and anti-seizure drugs"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":2,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single operation; stay about 2-4 weeks until flight clearance. Second trip only for in-person wound or pathology review."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Confirm the surgeon is trained and experienced in the exact procedure you are considering, not just in surgery generally","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Verify that the surgeon is trained and experienced in performing the procedure you are considering.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Ask for certification information and the name of the body that certified the surgical setting","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Ask for certification information and the name of the certifying body when assessing a surgical setting.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that the surgeon who consults with you is the same person who will carry out the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Ask whether a doctor is always present in the clinic and whether a high dependency or intensive care unit exists","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.bapras.org.uk/public/patient-information/cosmetic-surgery/cosmetic-surgery-abroad","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"Is there always a doctor in the clinic and is there a high dependency or intensive care unit?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Ask whether the surgeon and the facility use a surgical safety checklist, which can reduce complications","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Do the surgeon and his/her facility use a safety checklist?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Forceful persuasion or cheap, time-limited offers pushing you into a quick decision","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"A price that sounds too good to be true probably is","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/articles/will-economic-uncertainty-drive-more-patients-overseas-for-plastic-surgery-what-to-consider-and-how-to-stretch-your-dollar-back-home","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"If the price sounds too good to be true, it probably is.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-02-11"},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your brain tumor may be treated with radiation therapy","name":"Radiation therapy","source":{"url":"https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html","host":"medlineplus.gov","quote":"Treatment options include watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"Your brain tumor may be treated with chemotherapy","name":"Chemotherapy","source":{"url":"https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html","host":"medlineplus.gov","quote":"Treatment options include watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200},"operation_id":37}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"standard-open-craniotomy","name":"Standard open craniotomy with bone flap replacement","how_it_works":{"text":"The surgeon opens the scalp and temporarily lifts a piece of skull","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/living-with-a-brain-tumour-undergoing-neurosurgery/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"A craniotomy is where the surgeon makes an incision in your scalp (skin) before temporarily removing a small piece of your skull to expose your brain.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"awake-craniotomy","name":"Awake craniotomy","how_it_works":{"text":"The patient is awake for part of the operation","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/living-with-a-brain-tumour-undergoing-neurosurgery/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"This procedure is carried out much like the craniotomy described above but with you, the patient, being awake for part of the operation.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"neuronavigation-guided","name":"Neuronavigation-guided or keyhole craniotomy","how_it_works":{"text":"Scan data creates a three-dimensional image guiding the surgeon","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/living-with-a-brain-tumour-undergoing-neurosurgery/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"Together with your scan results, they generate an exact, three-dimensional (3D) image of your head and brain, including your tumour.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}}},"techniques":[{"id":"standard-open-craniotomy","name":"Standard open craniotomy with bone flap replacement","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The surgeon opens the scalp and temporarily lifts a piece of skull","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/living-with-a-brain-tumour-undergoing-neurosurgery/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"A craniotomy is where the surgeon makes an incision in your scalp (skin) before temporarily removing a small piece of your skull to expose your brain.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Accessible intracranial lesions needing open access","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Hospital stay of several days, then recovery over weeks to months."},{"id":"awake-craniotomy","name":"Awake craniotomy","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The patient is awake for part of the operation","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/living-with-a-brain-tumour-undergoing-neurosurgery/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"This procedure is carried out much like the craniotomy described above but with you, the patient, being awake for part of the operation.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Selected lesions near eloquent speech or motor areas","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Uses sedation and intraoperative testing; recovery timing differs."},{"id":"neuronavigation-guided","name":"Neuronavigation-guided or keyhole craniotomy","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"Scan data creates a three-dimensional image guiding the surgeon","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/living-with-a-brain-tumour-undergoing-neurosurgery/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"Together with your scan results, they generate an exact, three-dimensional (3D) image of your head and brain, including your tumour.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Small or deep lesions suitable for smaller openings","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Often shorter stay and faster early recovery."}],"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your brain tumor may be treated with radiation therapy","name":"Radiation therapy","source":{"url":"https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html","host":"medlineplus.gov","quote":"Treatment options include watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"Your brain tumor may be treated with chemotherapy","name":"Chemotherapy","source":{"url":"https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html","host":"medlineplus.gov","quote":"Treatment options include watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200},"operation_id":37}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"diagnostic":{"status":"not_applicable"},"country":{"why":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"Y1","text":"Turkey's Ministry of Health publishes lists of authorized healthcare providers and facilitators holding authorization certificates","specialties":[],"source":{"url":"https://shgmturizmdb.saglik.gov.tr/EN-69410/announcements.html","host":"shgmturizmdb.saglik.gov.tr","quote":"Updated lists of healthcare providers and facilitators that have been granted authorization certificates by the Ministry","tier":"government","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-05-11","version":1},"travel":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"V1","item":"visa","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"UK citizen passport holders can visit Turkey without a visa for up to 90 days in any 180-day period, for business or tourism","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"You can visit Turkey without a visa for up to 90 days in any 180-day period, for business or tourism.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V2","item":"visa","audience":"us","volatile":true,"text":"US ordinary passport holders are exempt from a visa for up to 90 days in any 180-day period in Turkey","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Turkey.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Ordinary passport holders are exempted from visa up to 90 days in any 180-day period.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V3","item":"passport_validity","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"A UK passport must expire at least 150 days after arrival in Turkey and have at least 1 blank page","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"To enter Turkey, your passport must have an ‘expiry date’ at least 150 days after the date you arrive and at least 1 blank page.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V4","item":"passport_validity","audience":"us","volatile":true,"text":"A US passport must be valid for six months beyond the entry date into Turkey","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Turkey.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Passports must be valid for six months beyond your entry date.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V5","item":"prescriptions","audience":"uk","volatile":false,"text":"British prescriptions are not accepted in pharmacies in Turkey","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"British prescriptions are not accepted in pharmacies in Turkey.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V6","item":"emergency_number","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance in Turkey","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2026-12-11","version":1},"other_countries_with_page":["azerbaijan","china","germany","greece","india","israel","italy","japan","kazakhstan","mexico","poland","republic-of-korea","spain","switzerland","thailand","united-arab-emirates","united-states"]},"often_combined_with":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews":{"avg_rating":4.57,"count":2724,"scope":"clinic","rating_scale":5,"pros":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"cons":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"current":{"seo_text":"<p>A craniotomy in Turkey typically costs from _op_157_price_from_ to _op_157_price_to_. The final price depends on the surgical intent, such as tumor removal or aneurysm repair, and the specific technology used. Patients save around _price_percent_discount_% compared to the US, where the average cost is _price_compare_US_average_. Packages usually include the neurosurgical procedure, ICU stay, advanced imaging like 3.0 Tesla MRI, and airport transfers.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Surgical intent:</strong> tumor removal often costs more than simpler procedures like skull bone remodeling or cyst drainage.</li>\n<li><strong>Neurological technology:</strong> use of neuronavigation, intraoperative MRI, or Gamma Knife systems typically increases the total cost.</li>\n<li><strong>Hospital accreditation:</strong> facilities with Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation may have higher price points for global safety.</li>\n<li><strong>Major medical hubs:</strong> most high-volume neurosurgery centers are located in Istanbul, Ankara, and Antalya.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Choosing a specialized center like NP Istanbul Brain Hospital provides access to dedicated neuropsychiatric infrastructure. While basic cranioplasty packages start around $5,650, investing in a JCI-accredited facility like Memorial Şişli ensures access to advanced robotic-assisted surgery. Accomplished professors such as Nejat Akalan or Mehmet Ozek, who has performed over 10,000 procedures, offer world-class expertise at a fraction of Western costs.</p>","faq":[{"q":"Which cities or hospitals in Turkey are known for excellence in craniotomy surgery?","a":"<p>Istanbul serves as Turkeys primary neurosurgery hub, hosting elite JCI-accredited facilities like Memorial Şişli Hospital and Anadolu Medical Center. These centers specialize in advanced craniotomy using neuronavigation, intraoperative MRI, and robotic-assisted systems. Ankara and Antalya also offer high-tier specialized care at Memorial and Medical Park facilities.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Top city:</strong> Istanbul features the highest concentration of JCI-accredited neurosurgery departments and English-speaking staff.</li> <li><strong>Elite hospitals:</strong> Memorial Şişli and Anadolu Medical Center are globally recognized for complex skull-base tumors.</li> <li><strong>Advanced technology:</strong> Medipol Mega and Acibadem Maslak utilize intraoperative MRI and Da Vinci robotic systems.</li> <li><strong>Specialized centers:</strong> NP Istanbul Brain Hospital focuses on neuropsychiatric neurosurgery and specialized cranioplasty packages.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many seek the lowest price, data shows the highest value lies in surgeons with over 900 procedures. For example, Hisar Hospital Intercontinental offers packages led by high-volume experts that include postoperative CT scans and ICU stays. This bundled approach at roughly $12,900 ensures rigorous monitoring often excluded in basic quotes.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize prioritizing Istanbul-based private hospitals for smoother communication and 5-star recovery suites. Many recommend getting multiple virtual consults to confirm the surgeons English fluency and post-operative rehabilitation plans before traveling.</p>"},{"q":"Will scarring be visible, and can the incision be hidden in the hairline?","a":"<p>Craniotomy incisions in Turkey are routinely hidden within the hairline or natural skin creases to ensure they remain inconspicuous. Surgeons utilize beveled incision techniques to preserve hair follicles, allowing hair to grow directly through the scar and masking it naturally as it matures over 12 to 18 months.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Hairline placement:</strong> Incisions typically begin at the temple or behind the ear to remain naturally obscured.</li> <li><strong>Follicle preservation:</strong> Beveled cutting angles ensure hair regrowth directly through the scar for maximum concealment.</li> <li><strong>Healing timeline:</strong> Redness usually fades within 3 to 6 months, leaving a thin, pale line.</li> <li><strong>Advanced alternatives:</strong> Depending on the case, supraorbital eyebrow or endoscopic keyhole approaches can further minimize visibility.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Data from leading Turkish centers like Hisar Hospital Intercontinental shows that surgeons like Dr. Ertugrul Pinar, who has performed over 900 procedures, prioritize `tensionless` closure. This technical detail is vital because it prevents the scar from widening during the first 6 months of healing.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Many patients find that while the shaved area takes time to regrow, the actual scar becomes nearly invisible once their hair reaches its original length. Using silicone sheets early in the recovery phase is frequently recommended to soften the tissue faster.</p>"},{"q":"Which are the best hospitals for neurosurgery in Turkey?","a":"<p>Leading Turkish neurosurgery hospitals include JCI-accredited facilities like Hisar Hospital Intercontinental, Memorial Sisli, and Anadolu Medical Center. These centers utilize advanced technologies such as Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, and intraoperative MRI to treat complex brain tumors, movement disorders, and vascular malformations with high precision.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Surgeon expertise:</strong> Top specialists like Prof. Dr. Nejat Akalan have 35 years of clinical experience.</li> <li><strong>Advanced technology:</strong> Facilities feature CyberKnife and Gamma Knife systems for non-invasive brain tumor treatment.</li> <li><strong>Clinical certifications:</strong> Major centers maintain Joint Commission International accreditation ensuring global safety standards.</li> <li><strong>Specialized departments:</strong> Dedicated units focus on pediatric neurosurgery, epilepsy, and Parkinson’s disease treatments.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Clinical data shows hisar Hospital Intercontinental remains a high-value choice for complex craniotomies. While Memorial Healthcare Group offers specialized microvascular decompression, Hisar provides all-inclusive packages around $12,900. These include post-operative brain CT scans and 3-night intensive care stays. This level of post-surgical monitoring is critical for identifying early complications.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize that a surgeon's specific case volume is more important than the hospital's name. They recommend bringing your own original MRI files to ensure a smoother transition and more accurate second opinion.</p>"},{"q":"What does an all-inclusive medical package usually cover?","a":"<p>All-inclusive medical packages for a craniotomy in Turkey primarily bundle specialized surgical intervention with essential travel logistics. These plans typically include the neurosurgeon fee, anesthesiology, operating room usage, pre-operative consultations, and intensive care unit (ICU) stays ranging from 3 to 5 nights.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Surgical expertise:</strong> Procedures are often led by neurosurgeons with over 900 successful brain surgeries.</li> <li><strong>Hospital stay:</strong> Packages frequently cover 3 nights in the ICU for immediate post-operative monitoring.</li> <li><strong>Advanced diagnostics:</strong> Standard inclusions often feature mandatory postoperative brain CT scans and contrast-enhanced MRI.</li> <li><strong>Logistical support:</strong> Most plans provide VIP airport-to-clinic transfers and dedicated personal medical coordinators.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many neurosurgery packages start at _op_157_price_from_, there is a significant value gap between basic and premium options. High-tier packages at JCI-accredited facilities often include specialized equipment like EVD or lumbar drains as standard. These inclusions can prevent unexpected surcharges of $1,000 or more if complications arise during recovery.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients recommend budgeting 20% extra for items like tumor pathology analysis or home medications. Many emphasize verifying if a companion’s stay and meals are fully covered before arrival.</p>"},{"q":"What is the success rate for craniotomies in Turkey?","a":"<p>Success rates for elective craniotomies in Turkey range from 85% to 95%, with specialized brain tumor resections reaching 98%. High outcomes are driven by JCI-accredited facilities using intraoperative MRI and neuronavigation, alongside neurosurgeons trained at elite institutions like Yale and Johns Hopkins.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Tumor removal:</strong> Efficacy ranges from 85% to 95% for most complex brain tumor resections.</li> <li><strong>Aneurysm repair:</strong> Positive outcomes exceed 90% for patients undergoing surgical clipping or repair procedures.</li> <li><strong>Functional surgery:</strong> Deep brain stimulation and epilepsy surgery show significant improvement in 60% to 85% of cases.</li> <li><strong>Specialized success:</strong> Specific benign tumor operations at centers like Liv Hospital report up to 98% success.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Surgeon volume is the strongest predictor of safety here. While many clinics offer neurosurgery, specialists like Dr. Ertugrul Pinar have performed over 900 brain procedures. Choosing a high-volume expert at a JCI-accredited hospital like Hisar Intercontinental often ensures access to advanced O-arm imaging that significantly reduces postoperative risks.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Many patients emphasize that surgeon fellowships at Western institutions provide the most reassurance. They recommend planning a 3–4 week stay for monitoring rather than rushing home after the initial week.</p>"},{"q":"Is awake brain surgery available in Turkey?","a":"<p>Awake brain surgery is available at premier JCI-accredited Turkish medical centers like Memorial Şişli and Medipol Mega University Hospital. Surgeons utilize functional cortical mapping and intraoperative MRI to remove tumors near speech and motor centers while the patient remains conscious to monitor neurological functions.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Specialized techniques:</strong> Clinics use direct cortical stimulation and subcortical mapping for real-time functional monitoring.</li> <li><strong>Advanced technology:</strong> Facilities like Medipol Mega incorporate intraoperative MRI to ensure maximal tumor resection.</li> <li><strong>Expert surgeons:</strong> Doctors such as Nejat Akalan lead departments specializing in complex glioma and epilepsy.</li> <li><strong>Affordable care:</strong> Procedures cost _op_157_price_from_ to _op_157_price_to_, saving patients approximately _price_percent_discount_% versus US averages.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many hospitals offer craniotomies, true awake surgery expertise is concentrated in Istanbul at dedicated brain hospitals like NPISTANBUL. Data shows top-tier facilities maintain specialized neuro-intensive care units where patients typically stay for 3 nights for stabilization. Always confirm if your specific surgeon performs at least 50 awake cases annually to ensure the highest safety standards.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize the importance of requesting a second opinion on tumor eloquence before travel. Many highlight that having 24/7 access to neurointensivists in the ICU provides significant peace of mind during the initial recovery phase.</p>"},{"q":"How long is the recovery and stay in Turkey?","a":"<p>Patients typically require a 5 to 10 day hospital stay in Turkey following a craniotomy. Most medical travelers plan for a total stay of 10 to 21 days in-country. This timeline ensures surgeons can monitor critical initial healing before clearing you for international travel.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Hospital stay:</strong> Expect 5 to 10 days in specialized neurosurgery units for post-operative monitoring.</li> <li><strong>Clinical milestone:</strong> Peak swelling typically occurs between days 3 and 5 after the procedure.</li> <li><strong>Flying restrictions:</strong> Most patients must wait 10 to 14 days before flying home safely.</li> <li><strong>Initial recovery:</strong> Return to desk work is generally possible within 4 to 8 weeks.</li> <li><strong>Full recovery:</strong> Total cognitive and physical healing usually spans 3 to 6 months post-surgery.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While basic craniotomy packages start around _op_157_price_from_, higher-tier options often include extended ICU monitoring. Clinics like Hisar Hospital Intercontinental specifically bundle 3 nights of ICU care. This is a vital safety buffer for complex neurosurgeries that general packages might exclude.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Many patients find the post-operative fatigue and brain fog more intense than expected during the first 8 weeks. Having a dedicated support person is essential for navigating the recovery period in a foreign country.</p>"},{"q":"What is typically included in a craniotomy package?","a":"<p>A typical craniotomy package in Turkey includes the surgical procedure, general anesthesia, operating room fees, and a hospital stay of 3 to 7 nights, usually featuring at least 24 hours in the intensive care unit. Most bundles also cover postoperative imaging like brain CT or MRI scans.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medical team:</strong> Includes surgeon fees, anesthesiologist services, and specialized neuro-nursing care.</li> <li><strong>Diagnostic imaging:</strong> Packages often bundle postoperative brain CT or contrast-enhanced MRI scans.</li> <li><strong>Hospital stay:</strong> Standard packages provide 3 to 7 nights, including mandatory ICU monitoring.</li> <li><strong>Specialized equipment:</strong> Costs typically cover external ventricular drains (EVD) or lumbar drains if required.</li> <li><strong>Logistics:</strong> Many Istanbul clinics include VIP airport-to-hospital transfers and multilingual patient coordinators.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While base prices start at _op_157_price_from_, high-end packages at JCI-accredited hospitals like Hisar Intercontinental often include expensive consumables like EVDs that others bill separately. Choosing a bundle with these `extras` can prevent unexpected costs during complex neurological recoveries.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients recommend getting an itemized list in writing before traveling. Many noted that while transfers are common, you should budget extra for medications and follow-up rehab sessions.</p>"}],"h2":[{"text":"Бұл қалай жұмыс істейді","kind":"content"},{"text":"Түркияда краниотомияның бағасы қанша? Қазір біліңіз","kind":"content"},{"text":"Түркияда ең жақсы Краниотомия клиникаларын ашыңыз: 28 тексерілген опциялар және бағалар","kind":"content"},{"text":"Түркияда краниотомияның процедурасына шолу","kind":"content"},{"text":"Түркияда краниотомияның медициналық бағалауын алыңыз: 46 тәжірибелі дәрігерлер кеңесіңіз","kind":"content"},{"text":"Bookimed науқастарының бейне тарихтары","kind":"content"},{"text":"Bookimed туралы пікірлер: науқастардың нақты тәжірибесімен танысыңыз","kind":"content"},{"text":"Осы контентпен бөлісу","kind":"content"},{"text":"Түркияда краниотомияға бойынша ЖҚС","kind":"content"},{"text":"Тегін консультация алу","kind":"content"}]},"placeholders":{"price_from":"{{price_from}}","clinics_count":"{{clinics_count}}","cities_count":"{{cities_count}}","savings_pct":"{{savings_pct}}","data_date":"{{data_date}}"},"legal":{"restricted_markets":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"conflicts":[]}