3 бет - Ең жақсы простата безінің гиперплазиясының дәрігерлері - ЖОҒ-107 дәрігерлер

Prof. Haim Matskin is a renowned specialist in onco-urology, urology, and surgery, and heads the Urology Department at Sourasky Medical Center. He is an expert in brachytherapy and cryotherapy and is a full-fledged member of the Medical Association of Israel and the Association of urologists of Europe, the US, and Israel.

Mario Sofer - a leading urologist Medical Center Ichilov-Sourasky in Tel Aviv, privately accepts patients in Assuta.

Education and training:

•  Medical University in Bucharest, Romania (the degree of Doctor of Medicine, 1987);
•  Residency in Ichilov MC;
•  1999-2000 - training in endo-urology at the University Hospital of Western Antario (Canada);
•  2000-2001 - training on uro-oncology at the University of Miami (USA).

Clinical experience:

•  From 1990 to 1996 - Residency in Urology MC Ichilov-Sourasky;
•  From 1996 to 1999 - Senior physician Department of Urology at Ichilov;
•  From 1999 to 2001 - the courses training in Canada and the United States;
•  Senior physician of Urology MZ Ichilov 2001;.
•  Head of the Department of endo-urology at Ichilov (from 2004 year).

Academic experience:

• Senior Lecturer, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine at Tel Aviv University. Supervisor of diploma works of graduates of Haifa and Tel Aviv University.
• 50 scientific articles;
• 70 presentations at international scientific congresses.

Membership in professional organizations:

• A member of the Israeli Association of Urology;
• A member of the US Association of Urology;
• Member of the European Association of Urology;
• Member of the International Association of endourology.

Assist. Op.Dr.Oğuzhan Parlakkılıç graduated from Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine in 2001.

He started his specialization in the urology clinic of Taksim Training and Research Hospital in 2002. Having completed his specialization training in 2007, Dr. Oğuzhan Parlakkılıç attended many national and international meetings. He has studies in andrology, endourology and urooncology.

Between 2007 and 2009, he completed his duty of public service obligation at Sivelek State Hospital.

Between 2009 and 2010, he worked as a urology specialist in the General Command of Mapping Dispensary. 

Marital Status : He is married, his wife is an ophthalmologist, and he is the father of two sons, aged 27 (Medical doctor) and 20 (Student).

Educational Status

1988 Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine / Bursa

1982 Kabataş Boys' High School / Istanbul

1979 Göztepe Secondary School / Istanbul

1976 Harun Reşit Primary School / Istanbul

Institutions he works for

2020 Biruni University Hospital, Head of Urology Department / ISTANBUL
2017 Yeni Yüzyıl University Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital, Head of Urology Department / ISTANBUL

2016 Taksim Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic Education and Administrative Supervisor / Istanbul

2009 Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic Chief / Istanbul

2007 International Hospital, Yeşilköy / Istanbul

2007 Ankara Training and Research Hospital 2nd Urology Clinic / Ankara

2001 Military Service, Marshal Fevzi Çakmak Military Hospital / Erzurum

1999 Bergama State Hospital / Izmir

1997 Ankara Training and Research Hospital Specialization Program / Ankara

1992 Izmit State Hospital / Izmit

 

diplomas

2011 Professorship

2006 Associate Professorship

1997 Urology Specialist

1988 Doctor of Medicine

Associations and organizations of which he is a member

European Association of Urology

Turkish Urology Association

Northern Marmara Urology Association

Endourology Association

Nuhoğlu Foundation

Scientific Publications

Author of over 100 publications, presentations and book chapters, 58 of which are international.

Dr. Ozkan Onuk is a skilled urologist with expertise in urooncology, endourology, female urology, andrology, laparoscopic surgery, pediatric urology, and incontinence. He is known for performing complex procedures such as nephrectomy, robotic da Vinci prostatectomy, bladder removal, and vasectomy.

Dr. Onuk earned his medical degree and MSc from Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine. He completed his Ph.D. in Urology at Taksim E.A.H. In 2020, he became an Associate Professor at New Century University. He has a strong academic background and extensive surgical experience, especially in minimally invasive and robotic urological surgeries.

Specializations 

Specialist in urology and general surgery Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate diseases Description The first Polish urologist certified as an Ablatherm® HIFU operator, the only doctor in Central and Eastern Europe who trains doctors and medical teams in the HIFU method. Promoter of innovative treatment methods and surgical techniques.

Professional education 

Dr. Filipek is a graduate of the Faculty of Medicine of the Medical Academy in Krakow, where he graduated from the Faculty of Medicine in 1977, in 1980 he obtained the first degree of specialization in general surgery, and in 1986 the second degree in urology. In 1999 he obtained the degree of doctor of medical sciences. 

Professional experience 

Dr. n. med. Marek Filipek serves as the Head of the Urology Department of the Independent Specialist Western Hospital in Grodzisk Mazowiecki. He created from scratch one of the most modern and best equipped urology departments in Poland. For many years, Dr. Filipek was associated with the Urology Clinic of the Jagiellonian University Medical College, where he worked as a senior assistant and lecturer. In the years 2000-2006, he was the head of the Urology Department of the St. Luke Provincial Hospital in Tarnów.

Certificates 

He participated in many scientific and advanced courses. He spent internships and scholarships in many prestigious foreign urology centers, including the Professor F. Debruyne Urology Clinic in Nijmegen. In 2014, Dr. Filipek completed training in Focal-One HIFU, with Dr. Albert Gelet, at the Hospices Civils de Lyon Edouard Herriot Hospital, in Lyon, France. In the same year, in April, the doctor also participated in the course of the European School of Urology “Focal therapy in prostate cancer” in Stockholm. 

Scientific activity

Dr. n. med. Marek Filipek is a member of the Polish Urological Society (in 1997 he was the Vice-President of the Krakow Branch of the PTU). He is also a full member of the European Urological Society. He has also been awarded many times for his scientific activity and achievements in the field of urology (winner of, among others, the 1st PTU award and the Prof. Zew Wajsman award). The scientific achievements of Dr. n. med. Marek Filipek include several dozen publications and papers presented at Polish and foreign congresses and conferences. He is the author of over 30 publications and papers published, among others, in Urologia Polska or presented at the congresses of the Polish Urological Society and the European Urological Society. He has also participated in international, multi-center clinical trials many times. Every year Dr. Filipek also participates in the meetings of the American Urological Association.

Проф. д-р Абдулмуталип Шимшек

Проф. д-р Абдулмуталип Шимшек 2005 жылы Ыстамбұл университетінің Медицина факультетін тамамдады. 2010 жылы "Урология" саласы бойынша Қор Гуреба ауруханасында "Мамандандыру Дайындығын" аяқтады. Ыстамбұл медицина факультетінде, Лютфие Нури Боран мемлекеттік ауруханасында және Хасеки оқыту және зерттеу ауруханасында зерттеулер жүргізген Проф. д-р Абдулмуталип Шимшек 2015 жылы Доцент атағын алды.

2015-2016 жылдар аралығында Шеффилд университетінде және Халамшир ауруханасында зерттеулер жүргізді. 2016 жылы Түркияға оралған соң, Проф. Бакыркөй Сади Конук оқыту және зерттеу ауруханасында оқытушы көмекшісі болып қызмет атқарды. Д-ктор Абдулмуталип Шимшек 2020 жылдан бері Башакшехир Чам және Сакура ауруханасында уролог ретінде жұмыс істейді.

Проф. урология саласында жаңашыл көзқарасы бар. Д-р Абдулмуталип Шимшек дамып келе жатқан технологияның артықшылықтарын пайдаланып, өз пациенттерін емдейді. Проф. көптеген халықаралық зерттеулер мен ғылыми жарияланымдар арқылы урология саласына айтарлықтай үлес қосты. Д-р Абдулмуталип Шимшек өз пациенттерін Роботтық және қалпына келтіру урологиясының маманы ретінде емдейді.

Білім мәртебесі:

Дәрежесі

Кафедрасы/Бағдарлама

Университет

Жыл

Бакалавриат Медицина Ыстамбұл университеті, Ыстамбұл медицина факультеті, Ыстамбұл 1999-2005

Медициналық мамандану Урология Безми Алем Вакыф университеті Медицина факультеті, Ыстамбұл 2005-2010

Доцент SBU Хасеки оқыту және зерттеу ауруханасы 2015

Профессор Кристофер Чаплдің басқаруымен қалпына келтіру урологиясы бойынша ғылым докторы, Шеффилд университеті және Халамшир ауруханасы, Англия 2015-2016

Медициналық Мамандандыру Диссерациясының атауы және кеңесшісі: Стресс зәр шығауыстың ұстамауы жағдайында трансобтураторлық және ретропубикалық орта уретральды босытқыш белдемшенің тиімділігін және асқынулардың жиілігін салыстыру (2010) Диссертация кеңесшісі: Проф.д-р Шинаси Явуз Өнөл Безми Алем Вакыф университеті Медицина факультеті Урология Клиникасы

Қызығушылықтар саласы: Калпына келтіру урологиясы, Роботтық хирургия, Урлонкология

Міндеттер:

Жұмыс атауы

Қызмет орны

Жыл

Сарапшы д-р Лютфие Нури Боран мемлекеттік ауруханасы – Ыстамбұл 2011- 2012

Сарапшы д-р Хасеки оқыту және зерттеу ауруханасының урология клиникасы - Ыстамбұл 2012 Қаңтар - 2015

Доцент д-р Хасеки оқыту және зерттеу ауруханасының урология клиникасы - Ыстамбұл 2015

Доцент. Шеффилд университеті және Халамшир ауруханасы, Англия 2015-2016

Білім беру қызметкері Бакыркөй д-р Сади Конук оқыту және зерттеу ауруханасы Урология Клиникасы - Ыстамбұл 2016 – Мамыр 2020

Білім беру қызметкері Башакшехир Чам және Сакура Қалалық ауруханасы Урология Клиникасы - Ыстамбұл 2020 Маусым - Қазіргі уақытқа дейін

Әкімшілік міндеттері:

Бакыркөй д-р Сади Конук оқыту және зерттеу ауруханасы Урология Клиникасы Әкімшілік басшысы – 2020

Басқарылған диссертациялар:

медицинадағы мамандану

Юнус ЧОЛАКОҒЛУ (2020). Роботтық және Ашык Перинеалдық Радикал Простатэктомияның онкологиялық және функционалдық нәтижелерін салыстыру. Денсаулық ғылымдары университеті, Бакыркөй д-р Сади Конук оқыту және зерттеу ауруханасы Урология Клиникасы

Рамазан УГУР (2020). Бульбар уретра стенозында эндо-энд анастомоздық уретропластика және буккал мукозалық графт уретропластикасы әдістерінің эректильді функцияға әсері. Денсаулық ғылымдары университеті, Бакыркөй д-р Сади Конук оқыту және зерттеу ауруханасы Урология Клиникасы

Абдулла Хызұр ЯВУЗСАН (2017). Роботтық және лапароскопиялық бөлшекті нефрэктомияларда бүйрек нефрометриялық скоры бойынша периоперативті параметрлерді салыстыру. Денсаулық ғылымдары университеті, Бакыркөй д-р Сади Конук оқыту және зерттеу ауруханасы Урология Клиникасы

Ғылыми ұйымдарға мүшеліктер:

Түрік Урология Қауымдастығы

Түрік Андрология Қауымдастығы

Еуропалық Урология Қауымдастығы

Американдық Урологиялық Қауымдастық

Американдық Жыныс-несеп қалпына келтіру хирургиясы Қауымдастық

Марапаттар:

Алпай КЕЛЯМІ, Еркектердің жыныстық денсаулығы сыйлығы, Түрік Андрология Қауымдастығы, 2011

Еркектердің жыныстық денсаулығы Алпай КЕЛЯМІ сыйлығы, Түрік Андрология Қауымдастығы, 2009

He graduated in Medicine at the Malaga University and specialised in Urology at the Carlos Haya Hospital in the same province.

He travelled to the United States in 2012 for a study stay at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre in New York. Specifically, at the Oncology Unit leaded by Dr Karim Touijer.

Years later, he consolidated his training with specialist courses in lower urinary tract surgery, advanced renal surgery, urinary incontinence and pelvic floor surgery, male urology surgery at the Cardenal Herrera University in Valencia and a Master in the Update of Urologic Surgery at the Cardenal Herrera University.

Professional Experience

• Urology Consultant at the Poniente Hospital 2016.

• Urology Consultant in Área Sanitaria Norte 2016-2017

• Urology Consultant. Carlos Haya Hospital, Malaga 2017-2020.

• Member of the Renal Transplant Unit of the Carlos Haya Hospital, Malaga 2017-2020.

• Co-founder of the Urologic Surgery Institute of Malaga 2019

• Head of the Urology Unit at the Quirónsalud Marbella Hospital 2019- currently

Scientific/ research activities

• Clinical Mentor of medical students of the Faculty of Medicine of Malaga. 2016-2020

• Author of multiple articles for national and international journals, contributions and editor of the “Manual of Basic Urologic Pathologies in Primary Care and A&E”.

The Quirónsalud Marbella Hospital Urology Unit deals with the study, diagnosis and treatment of the conditions affecting the urinary system, the suprarenal glands and the retroperitoneum of both male and female patients, as well as the male reproductive system.

The team of experts and the nursing team in this Unit have vast expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of the various pathologies treated by this speciality.

We cover all the medical, preventative and surgical aspects in order to offer early detection, an adequate diagnosis and an accurate treatment. Our main objective is to offer the highest quality in humane treatment and scientific knowledge with a clear and decisive vocation of patient service.

The Urology Unit performs its activities at the A&E Unit (helping with any urologic emergency 24 hours a day and 365 days a year) and at the Outpatient Consultations Unit (helping patients with an appointment from Monday to Friday, morning and afternoon)

Education and Experience

Dr. Ramazan Gökhan Atış, born in Istanbul in 1978, graduated from Cağaloğlu Anatolian High School in 1996. He completed his medical education at Çapa Faculty of Medicine in 2002. Between 2002 and 2008, he received his specialization training at the Istanbul Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital Department of Urology, and obtained the title of Urology Specialist in February 2008. After working at Edremit Military Hospital between 2008 and 2009, he started working as a Urology specialist at Istanbul Göztepe Training and Research Hospital in 2009. In 2011, he underwent a 3-month Laparoscopy-Robotic Urology training at Heidelberg University Heillbronn Clinic. Between 2009 and 2014, he conducted numerous scientific research studies, especially in the field of endourology, and obtained the title of Associate Professor in September 2014. In 2017, he was elected as a board member of the Endourology Society and has been serving in this position since then. Since 2018, he has been actively involved in the Endourology working group of the European Association of Urology, Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU) Committee for a period of 2 years. In January 2021, he was appointed as a Professor at the Istanbul Medeniyet University Department of Urology.After that started working at Şişli Memorial Hospital in 2022. Prof. Dr. Ramazan Gökhan Atış, has more than 100 articles published in national and international journals.

• 1996 - 2002, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Undergraduate
• 2002 - 2008, Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital/Istanbul, Specialization in Medicine
• 2014, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Associate Professorship
• 2021, Istanbul Medeniyet University Department of Urology, Professorship

Administrative Duties

• Editor of Endourology Bulletin
• Board Member of Endourology Society (Secretary General)

Memberships in Scientific Organizations

• Turkish Urology Association
• Turkish Endourology Association
• Turkish Andrology Association
• Eurasian Urooncology Association
• Turkish Medical Association

Academic training

Degree in Medicine and Surgery, (marks 107/110) on 30/10/2003, University of Catania;

Specialization in Urology, (marks 70/70 with honors) 01/09/2009, School of Specialization in Urology of the University of Padua, Director Prof. Walter Artibani.

Specialty thesis: Histological concordance between biopsy and definitive histological examination in patients suffering from renal neoplasia

Fellow of the European Board of Urology F.E.B.U. from 06/06/2009;

Doctorate in Surgery, 07/08/2013, (European Doctor cum laude) Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.

Thesis title: Radical Cystectomy and urinary diversion: is there a role for bowel in the future?

Specialization in Andrology, (01/06/2013 – 30/06/2015) Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Fundavò Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain.

Master in Clinical Andrology and Sexual Medicine (2015-2017) University of Padua

Professional and Clinical Experience

From June 2013 to June 2015 Fellow of the Andrology Unit, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Training in Clinical and Surgical Andrology; Prosthetic Implant; Medical and surgical treatment of penile curvature; Microsurgical varicocelectomy; Microsurgery in Andrology and Urology; Study and treatment of male and couple infertility; Sexual Dysfunctions; Sexually Transmitted Diseases;

From November 2012 to May 2013 structured doctor of the Female Functional Urology and Urodynamics Unit of the Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain. Consolidating theoretical-practical knowledge in the study and treatment of male and female urinary incontinence, carrying out procedures as the first operator for the treatment of male and female urinary incontinence in total autonomy and carrying out urodynamic studies for the diagnosis of incontinence and functional disorders of the bladder;

From April 2012 to October 2012, structured doctor of the Urology Oncology, Pediatric Urology and Endoscopy Unit of the Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, carrying out endoscopic procedures and minor and major surgery in total autonomy as first operator;

From April 2011 to March 2012 Structured doctor of the Pediatric Urology Unit of the Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Clinical and Surgical Activities in the field of Pediatric Urology focusing on the medical, endoscopic and surgical treatment of enuresis, functional bladder disorders, vesicoureteral reflux, urinary tract lithiasis and various other uro-pediatric pathologies;

From October 2010 to April 2011, structured doctor of the Female Functional Urology and Urodynamics Unit of the Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, carrying out as first operator procedures for the treatment of male and female urinary incontinence and obtaining full autonomy in the carrying out of urodynamic studies for the for the diagnosis of incontinence and functional bladder disorders;

From October 2009 to September 2010 Fellow of the Uro-Oncology Unit of the Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, carrying out endoscopic, major surgery and laparoscopic procedures as first operator.

Education

• Kadir Has High School / 1992 - High School
• Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine / 1998 - Faculty of Medicine
• Göztepe Education and Research Hospital / 2004 - Neurology

Work Experience

• Dr. Siyami Ersek Gkdc Hospital Chest Surgery Clinic
• Göztepe Education and Research Hospital Neurology Clinic
• Samsun Bafra Kızılırmak Devler Hospital
• Erzincan Military Hospital
• Özel Ersoy Hospital, İstanbul
• Florence Nightingale Hospital, İstanbul
• Erdem Hospital, İstanbul
• Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine Neurology Clinic
• Emsey Hospital, İstanbul
• Adatıp Hospital İstanbul
• Central Hospital Ataşehir İstanbul
• Özel Yüzyıl Hospital Gebze Kocaeli

Areas of Interest

• Endorology
• Occupational Oncology Surgery
• Pediatric Orthology
• Gynecology

Courses-Seminars and Certificates Received

• Certification course for experimental animal use
• Training of the trainer certification course
• Occupational medicine certification course

EDUCATION:

2000 - SSK Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, .

1996 - Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine

EXPERIENCE:

2019 - Istanbul Medipol University Pendik Hospital

2017 - 2019 - Private Adatıp Kurtköy Hospital

2005 - 2017 - Private Avicenna Umut Hospital

2003 - 2005 - SSK Yalova Regional Hospital

2002 - 2003 - Kayseri Military Hospital

Areas of Expertise and Interest

• Urological Cancers (Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgery)
• Stone diseases
• Benign prostate hyperplasia
• Minimally invasive prostate treatments (HoLEP, TuLEP, Rezum, TUR-P,..)
• Kidney Diseases
• Prostate Diseases
• Bladder Diseases
• Testis Diseases
• Sexual Dysfunctions - Infertility
• Infections

Education

• Bachelor's / Master's Degree: Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 2006
• PhD: Urology, Bezmialem Vakıf University, 2012

Professional and Observational Experience in Medicine

• Research Assistant, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, 10/2006 - 03/2007
• Research Assistant, Bezmialem Valide Sultan Foundation Gureba Training and Research Hospital, Urology Clinic, 08/2007 - 10/2010
• Research Assistant, Bezmialem University, Department of Urology, 10/2010 - 08/2012
• Observer, University of Michigan, Department of Urology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 05/2011 - 06/2011
• Specialist, Idil State Hospital, Idil, Şırnak, 11/2012 - 08/2014
• Specialist, Giresun Dr. A. İlhan Özdemir State Hospital, Giresun, 09/2014 - 2015
• Associate Professor, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Department of Urology, 2015 - 2024
• Associate Professor, Medipol Acıbadem Regional Hospital, 2024 - Present

Awards Received

• Effects of Sildenafil Citrate and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase, and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha in Pulmonary Hypertension-Induced Rat Cavernous Tissues. Ilbey Y.Ö, Şimşek A, Özcan L, Cilli M, Polat E.C, Ersöz C, Somay A, Özbek E. 8th National Andrology Congress (International Participation), İzmir, Turkey, May 20-23. Congress Abstract Book; 22: SS-01 (2009). (Male Sexual Health Alpay Kelami Award)
• Extraperitoneal (EXPERT-ONOL) Sacrocolpopexy in the Treatment of Advanced Uterovaginal and Vaginal Prolapse: Intermediate-Term Results. Önol Ş.Y, Armağan A, Tepeler A, Başıbüyük İ, Ersöz C, Erdem M.R. 22nd National Urology Congress (International Participation), Girne, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, May 02-06. Congress Abstract Book, 369: V-021 (2012).

Certificates

• Prof. Cevper Ersöz has over 130 national and international publications.

Memberships in Scientific Organizations

• Turkish Urology Association
• Turkish Pediatric Urology Association
• Turkish Endourology Association
• European Association of Urology (EAU)
• European Society of Endourology

Specializations

Prostate Diseases Treatment

Kidney, Urinary Tract, Bladder Stone and Tumor Treatment

Infertility, Treatment of Sexual Diseases

Urinary Incontinence Treatment

Circumcision, Undescended Testicle Treatment

Specializations

RIRS (Laser Stone Breaking in the Kidney)

Open-Closed Prostate Surgeries

Urological Cancer Surgeries

Urinary Incontinence Treatment

Infertility Treatment

Specializations

RIRS (Laser Stone Breaking in the Kidney)

Open-Closed Prostate Surgeries

Urological Cancer Surgeries

Urinary Incontinence Treatment

Infertility Treatment

Personal information

Title: Associate Professor

Branch: Urology

Work History:

1 Istanbul Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital

2 Kars State Hospital

3 Çatalca İlyas Çokay State Hospital

4 Istanbul Bilim University Faculty of Medicine Urology Clinic

5 Gayrettepe Florence Nightinagle Hospital

Medical Specialties and Subspecialties:

Laparoscopic Surgery

Education

2007 - Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine

2012 - Istanbul Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital (Specialization)

Dr. Ilter Alkan is a Professor of Urology with broad experience at leading medical centers. He has worked at Memorial Bodrum Hospital and Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine. Dr. Alkan has served as a urology specialist in Turkey and abroad. He completed fellowships in laparoscopic urology and endourology at Krankenhaus der Elisabethinen in Austria. He also received advanced training at University College London.

Dr. Alkan earned his medical degree from Ege University and finished his residency at Marmara University. He later became an associate professor and then a full professor in urology. He is a member of the Endourological Society, Turkish Urological Association, SIU, and EAU.